Risk Management

Purchase

Overview

The process industries handle large quantities of hazardous, flammable and explosive materials and the processes used to handle these materials are often complex and highly specialized. Hence the consequences of an incident can be very serious indeed. In order to prevent such an incident from occurring companies implement risk management/process safety management programs. This comprehensive book describes how to develop and organize such a program.

The goals of the risk management programs go beyond safety — they include environmental compliance, industrial health and hygiene, the control of economic losses and company reputation. All of these topics are discussed in the ebook.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Technical, Process and Occupational Safety
Historical Development
   1. Safety as a Value
   2. Codes and Standards
   3. Workers’ Compensation
   4. Occupational Safety
   5. Systems Analysis
   6. Regulations
   7. Management Systems
   8. Behavior-Based Safety
   9. Safety Culture
Major Events
Health, Safety & Environmental Programs
   Environmental / Sustainability
   Health
Types of Safety 
   Inherent Safety
   Eliminate
      Remove Equipment
      Remove People
   Minimize
   Substitute
   Moderate
      Equipment Modification
      Spacing
      Underground Location
   Simplify
   Applying Inherent Safety
   Law of Unintended Consequences
      Serendipity
      Undesirable Outcome
      Original Situation Worse
Prescriptive / Non-Prescriptive
   Safety Management Programs
   Regulations
   The Regulator’s Dilemma
Process Safety Management
   Definition of Process Safety Management
      Safe Limits 
      Safety Layers
      Set Point Values
      Operating, Safe and Emergency Limits
   Measurement Strategies
   Involvement
   Thoroughness
   Holistic
Environment
Quality Management
   Statistical Process Control
   ISO 9000 / 14001 
   Six Sigma 
Risk
Components of Risk
   Hazards
   Consequence
   Predicted Frequency
   Safeguards
   Presence of Persons
   Single Contingency Events
   Economies of Scale
Common Cause Events
   Fukushima-Daiichi
   Examples
      Utility Failure
      Instruments on Manual
      Instrument Pluggage
      Vibration
      External Events
      Maintenance Availability
      Human Error / Untrained Personnel
Subjective Nature of Risk
   Degree of Control
   Familiarity with the Hazard
   Direct Benefit
   Personal Impact
   Natural vs. Man-Made Risks
   Recency of Events
   Perception of the Consequence Term
   Comprehension Time
   Randomness
   Regression to the Mean
   Bias toward Positive Evidence / Prior Beliefs
   Availability
Quantification of Risk
   Mathematical Terms
      Frequency
      Predicted Frequency
      Probability
      Likelihood and Failure Rate
      Error / Statistical Significance Confidence
      Failure / Fault 
      Independence and Randomness
   FN Curves
   Limitations
Acceptable Risk
   The Third Law
   Perfection as a Slogan
   As Low as Reasonably Practical - ALARP
   De Minimis Risk
   Citations / ‘Case Law’
   RAGAGEP
   Indexing Methods
Risk Matrices
   Consequence Matrix
      Worker Safety
      Public Safety and Health 
      Environmental Impact 
      Economic Loss
   Frequency Matrix
   Risk Matrix
      A — (Red) Very High
      B — (Orange) High
      C — (Yellow) Moderate
      D — (Green) Low
      Other Categories
   Limitations of Risk Matrices
      Low-Hanging Fruit
      Prepare for the Worst Case
      Expensive Good Ideas
Black Swan Events
Just in Time Management
Examples
   Example 1 — Facility Design
   Example 2 — Process Flow
   Example 3 — Heat Exchanger
   Example 4 — Risk Management Workflow
      External Standard
      Guidance
      Risk Analysis Plan and Implement
      Audit / Deltas
      Success / Continuous Improvement
   Example 5: Significant Potential Incident