Safety Cases
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Overview
A safety case is a documented body of evidence that provides a demonstrable and valid argument that a system is adequately safe for a given application and environment over its lifetime.
Safety Cases are often a regulatory requirement. Management makes its “case” to the regulatory authorities that the facility is safe to operate. The authorities either accept or reject this “safety case.” If they accept it then a “safety case regime” is implemented.
The first modern safety cases prepared for the process industries were those developed for North Sea offshore oil and gas operations following the Piper Alpha disaster that occurred in the year 1988. The Cullen report that was written following that accident was highly critical of offshore operating practices and recommended that a safety case approach be implemented. The onshore Seveso incident that occurred in Italy further prompted the increased use of safety cases. Since that time the use of safety cases has spread to other industries (such as mining and railway operations) and to other nations, primarily in Europe and Australasia.
This ebook, which is extracted from the printed book Offshore Safety Management, provides a detailed overview of the Safety Cases concept. It describes how they are prepared and implemented and how they fit into the offshore regulatory environment.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Safety Case Definition
Different Industries
Major Hazard Event Process
Safety Assessments
Safety Case
Major Accident Hazards/Events
Safety Critical Elements
Performance Standards
Verification
Features of a Safety Case
Duty-Holder Responsibility
Participation and Commitment
Information Availability
Risk Management System
Safety Management Systems
Auditor / Assessor Responsibility
Barriers
Safety Critical Elements
Performance Standards
Program Steps
Timing
ALARP Demonstration
Length of the Safety Case
IADC HSE Case Guidelines
Structure of a Safety Case
Section I — Executive Summary
Section II — Introduction
Section III — Policies, Objectives, Regulations and Standards
Policies
Objectives
Regulations
Standards
Section IV — Facility Description
Section V — Safety Management System
Section VI — Formal Safety Assessment
Section VII — Audit and Review
Audits
Performance Measurement
Section VIII — References
Maintaining the Safety Case
Changes in Risk Perception
Changes in Operating Conditions
Bridging Documents
Effectiveness of Safety Cases
Convergence of Standards
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